A type of double-spend attack in which two transactions are made at the same time with the same funds.

A race attack occurs when two transactions are created on a blockchain network at the same time and with the same funds with the intention to spend said funds twice. This attack is consequently categorized as a double-spend attack. The reason it is called a race attack is that both transactions are ‘racing’ for the one that will be validated first. Nevertheless, in case of success, the user who initiated the transactions would have effectively spent the same funds twice.

Malware that breaches computer security, replaces access to files, and requests the computer user to pay a ransom to recover ownership and access of files.

Ransomware refers to a type of malware designed with the sole purpose of taking control of a user’s computer files. Once the malware enters the system, it locks down the original user’s access to the computer and then asks them to pay a certain amount of money or the files will be destroyed or sensitive information will be released to the public. Usually, said payment is instructed to be made in crypto to mess up the money trail.

Successful ransomware attacks are often small-scale. However, large-scale attacks have taken place and shut down mega businesses and banks, among others.

The computing system derived from Quantum Mechanics to increase the processing power of quantum computers.

Quantum computing is a processing system that deals with particle characteristics at the quantum level. The concept revolves around calculating and imitating the behavior of subatomic particles, thereby resolving computations that are often too difficult for normal computers. So, instead of using binary digits 0 and 1 (alternatively called bits) as the basic elements, quantum computing uses qubits which are understood as existing between 0 and 1.

Quantum computing is more commonly used in quantum-level areas of study and development such as superposition, interference, and entanglement. These are areas that require an understanding of uncertainties that cannot be represented by the either-or system of 0 and 1.

Race Attack

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